The reach and credibility of international law is at its lowest in years as governments dismiss arrest warrants in some of the most high-profile cases to come before the International Criminal Court. <\/p>\n
In the past 18 months, the Hague-based court has issued arrest warrants for Russian President Vladimir Putin as well as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, his former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant and a senior Hamas official. <\/p>\n
Netanyahu is the first Western-allied leader to be accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity by the court. Israel has filed appeals and asked the court to suspend the warrants. Meanwhile, several powerful nations have opted not to enforce the warrants, while others have openly rejected them. <\/p>\n
The French response was perhaps the most damaging to the court. Paris had fervently supported the Putin warrant, and reiterated its \u201clongstanding commitment to supporting international justice\u201d after the Netanyahu warrant was issued. But just days later, the French foreign ministry shifted its stance, suggesting that as Israel was not a member of the court, its prime minister could be immune from arrest. <\/p>\n
Critics say the responses suggest two sets of rules: one for the West\u2019s traditional allies, and another for its foes. <\/p>\n
The founding treaty of the ICC obliges the 124 signatory countries to arrest Netanyahu and Gallant, according to James Joseph, managing editor at Jurist News. <\/p>\n
The Netanyahu case was just the latest blow to the court\u2019s authority. In September, Putin traveled to Mongolia without facing any repercussions. Despite being a signatory to the Rome Statute \u2013 the treaty that established the court in 2002 \u2013 Mongolia extended a red-carpet welcome to the Russian leader. <\/p>\n
The trip was Putin\u2019s first to an ICC member state since the court issued an arrest warrant against him in March 2023 for his alleged role in the war crime of unlawfully deportating Ukrainian children. <\/p>\n
The warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant drew varied reactions from Western states, highlighting a lack of consensus on how to respond to high-profile accusations against allies. <\/p>\n
The EU\u2019s then-foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said they are \u201cbinding\u201d and should be implemented. Ireland, Canada and the Netherlands agreed. Germany demurred, saying that it shared \u201cunique relations and a great responsibility with Israel,\u201d adding that further steps would be possible only when a visit to Germany by Netanyahu was foreseeable. <\/p>\n
Meanwhile, Argentina and Hungary, both members of the court, made it clear Netanyahu was welcome to visit. Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban said the ICC decision was \u201cbrazen, cynical and completely unacceptable,\u201d and guaranteed Netanyahu freedom and safety should he visit Hungary. <\/p>\n
The US, which never joined the court and has secured agreements with about 100 countries to prevent the arrest of Americans charged by it, condemned the warrants for the Israeli leaders. <\/p>\n
The Biden administration\u2019s criticism of the Israel warrants was as emphatic as its support for the Putin warrant. Following the issuance of Putin\u2019s warrant, President Joe Biden said it \u201cmakes a very strong point\u2026 He\u2019s clearly committed war crimes.\u201d <\/p>\n
In France\u2019s updated position, the country\u2019s foreign ministry said in a statement: \u201cFrance intends to continue working in close cooperation with Prime Minister Netanyahu and the other Israeli authorities to achieve peace and security for all in the Middle East.\u201d <\/p>\n
France\u2019s sudden change of direction came after the Israelis made it clear that they would not accept a French role in implementing a ceasefire in Lebanon because of its implied support for the ICC\u2019s arrest warrant. <\/p>\n
Human rights groups condemned France\u2019s about-face. Amnesty International said it was \u201cdeeply problematic\u201d and ran counter to the government\u2019s obligations as an ICC member. <\/p>\n
In shifting its stance, France appears to have taken refuge in Article 98 of the Rome Statute, which holds that a state cannot \u201cact inconsistently with its obligations under international law with respect to the (\u2026) diplomatic immunity of a person.\u201d <\/p>\n
Mongolia asserted a similar argument \u2013 that as Russia\u2019s head of state, Putin enjoys absolute immunity from ICC proceedings unless Russia waives it. <\/p>\n
The court has rejected that claim, saying that another article removes all immunities. A panel of judges reported Mongolia to the ICC\u2019s governing assembly, arguing members of the court \u201care duty-bound to arrest and surrender individuals subject to ICC warrants, regardless of official position or nationality.\u201d Any other interpretation would \u201cundermine the Rome Statute\u2019s goal of ending impunity for those who threaten global peace and security,\u201d the panel said at the time. <\/p>\n
The court\u2019s spokesman, Fadi El Abdallah, said it would not be deterred from pursuing Netanyahu, telling Israel\u2019s Channel 13 that \u201cpolitical considerations and threats will not affect the decision-making, the judges are independent and will only decide according to the evidence and the law.\u201d He also said it was highly unlikely the judges would quash the warrants. <\/p>\n
The evidence of the last few months is that political expediency sometimes trumps international obligations. When Mongolia welcomed Putin, the country\u2019s reality of living next door to Russia and China was paramount. <\/p>\n
US State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller acknowledged that reality in September. \u201cWe understand the position that Mongolia is in, sandwiched between two much larger neighbors, but we do think it\u2019s important that they continue to support the rule of law around the world.\u201d <\/p>\n
The US view on the Israel case was rather different, with the National Security Council denouncing \u201cthe prosecutor\u2019s rush to seek arrest warrants and the troubling process errors that led to this decision.\u201d <\/p>\n
The contradictory responses to ICC warrants this year call into question decades of progress in prosecuting war crimes and crimes against humanity, beginning with the Nuremburg trials in post-war Germany. <\/p>\n
The road has often been bumpy. South Africa, an ICC member, ignored a warrant for the arrest of then-Sudanese leader Omar al-Bashir in 2015 when he visited. <\/p>\n
But Putin has been careful not to travel to any other ICC member state and skipped last year\u2019s BRICS summit in South Africa, avoiding a flight path over many member states. <\/p>\n
As for the ICC, it may now find itself a target. This year the US House of Representatives passed a bill to sanction the court, threatening financial sanctions and visa restrictions against individuals and judges associated with the ICC. The Senate is yet to take up the bill, but incoming Senate majority leader John Thune has warned that the Republican majority will make passing the bill a priority in the next Congress if the ICC doesn\u2019t reverse its decision to pursue Israeli leaders. <\/p>\n
In his first term, former President Donald Trump imposed sanctions on ICC prosecutors for their investigations of Israeli leaders and alleged American war crimes in Afghanistan. <\/p>\n
Mike Waltz, Trump\u2019s national security adviser pick for his second term, said of the Netanyahu warrant that \u201cthe ICC has no credibility\u2026 You can expect a strong response to the antisemitic bias of the ICC & UN come January.\u201d Republican Senator Tom Cotton called it a \u201ckangaroo court.\u201d <\/p>\n
It\u2019s still true that for anyone subject to an arrest warrant by the ICC, the world gets smaller and the uncertainty of travel greater. But this year has shown that if you have friends in the right places, there will still be a red carpet somewhere. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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